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E d 's  J a p a n e s e  B l o g

(A r c h i v e s)

 

Ed's Japanese Blog Archives Home

March 15, 2009

I CAN EAT SUSHI: POTENTIAL VERB FORMS

 

There is a basic difference in the rules between the so-called ru-verbs and u-verbs:

 

ru-verbs : Replace the with  られる

u-verbs: Change the last character from a u-vowel to an e-vowel sound. Then add .

 

Exceptions:

する becomes できる

来る becomes 来られる

 

 

Some sample ru-verbs: 

Plain form meaning

Plain form

Potential

to make

作る (つくる)

作られる (つくられる)

to eat

食べる (たべる)

食べられる (たべられる)

to believe

信じる (しんじる)

信じられる (しんじられる)

to go out

出る (でる)

出られる (でられる)

 

Some sample u-verbs: 

Plain form meaning

Plain form

Potential

to speak

話す(はなす)

話せる(はなせる)

to buy

買う (かう)

買える (かえる)

to write

書く (かく)

書ける (かける)

to die

死ぬ (しぬ)

死ねる (しねる)

to take

取る(とる)

取れる (とれる)

to play

遊ぶ (あそぶ)

遊べる (あそべる)

to drink

飲む (のむ)

飲める (のめる)

 

 

 

March 02, 2009

A LITTLE ABOUT NA-ADJECTIVES

Grammatically, the na-adjective behaves much like a noun. Consider the following four sentences, each of which employs the na-adjective shinsetsu / 親切 :

Jimu-san wa shinsetsu da.

ジムさんは親切だ。

Jim is kind.

 

Jimu-san wa shinsetsu desu.

ジムさんは親切です。

Jim is kind.

Jimu-san wa shinsetsu de wa nai.

ジムさんは親切ではない。

Jim is not kind.

 

Jimu-san wa shinsetsu ja nai.

ジムさん親切じゃない。

Jim is not kind.

 

In each of the above sentences, shinsetsu could have been replaced with a noun. For example, we could have said, Jimu-san wa Amerikajin da, etc. 

There is however, an important aspect in which na-adjectives are different from nouns: You can use a na-adjective to modify a noun that follows it by adding a na to the end of it

rippa na jinbutsu

立派な人物

a person of good character

 

kirei na onna

綺麗な女

a pretty woman

 

shizuka na basho

静かな場所

a quiet place

sekkyoku-teki na juugyouin

積極的な従業員

a proactive employee

 

shitsurei na henji

失礼な返事

a rude answer

 

ubu na wakamono

初心な若者

an innocent youth

 

Na-adjectives are also commonly employed in clauses

washoku ga suki na Amerikajin

和食が好きなアメリカ人

an American who likes Japanese food

 

 

 

February 20, 2009

IT'S BEAUTIFUL TO BE AN I-ADJECTIVE

There are two basic varieties of adjectives in Japanese, the na-adjectives (which we will cover another time),  and the so-called i-adjectives, which are the topic of this post. 

I-adjectives are counterintuitive to native English-speakers because they act like verbs.  

I-adjectives are conjugated from the “adjective stem,” with the following endings:

Although i-adjectives function like verbs, they can still be used with です. In this case, ですhas the effect of making the sentence more polite:   

Mori-san no okusan wa utsukushii desu.

森さんの奥さんは美しいです。

Mr. Mori’s wife is beautiful.

 

Kyou wa kaze ga tsuyokatta desu ne.

今日は風が強かったですね。

The wind was strong today, wasn’t it?

 

 

 

February 14, 2009

IT BECAME….

 

To express ideas like, “It became red” or “the debt grew large,” the verb that you will usually use is 成る(なる)= to become

 

When using なる, there are a few important principles to keep in mind:

Nouns and na-adjectives generally require when used with なる.

 

  • 貧乏になる (びんぼう に なる) to become impoverished

  • 医者になる (いしゃ に なる) to become a doctor

 

I-adjectives are conjugated: adj-stem + becomes adj-stem + く  

  • 遅くなる (おそく なる) to grow late

  • 弱くなる (よわく なる) to become weak

 Match.com

 

February 01, 2009

Falling in Love with Carp

Read the online sample pages now....And find out what "the fish knows" about easy ways to memorize Japanese vocabulary....(Continue reading...)

 

 

 

January 25, 2009

Word of the Day

早い

(はやい)

quick; fast; speedy

 

Related words:

Usage Example from a Japanese blogger: 

勉強において、ややこしい論理(ロジック)をできるだけ早く理解する方法。(理論や理屈のこと) 

勉強には暗記系と理解系があると思うのですが、暗記法は自分なりに持っているのですが、理解法?というのものは持っていません。そのせいで、教科書や参考書を読んでいて理解に行き詰ったとき、それ以上前に進めなくなったりして勉強のペースが大幅に狂ってしまいます。 

そこだけ飛ばせればそれもいいのですが、意味がつながっていたりするとそれもできません。そこで語学や数学や物理でもなんでもいいのですが、解りにくい、ややこしい論理、理屈をできるだけ早く理解して吸収する具体的方法を教えてください。

Source: http://okwave.jp/qa3694513.html

 

Supplementary Vocabulary for the Usage Example

 

 

January 16, 2009

Word of the Day

忘れる

(わすれる) 

to forget

Usage Examples:

  •  きれいに忘れる   to completely forget

  • さっぱりと忘れる   to completely forget

  • すっかり忘れる   to completely forget
     

Related vocabulary:

 

 

January 3, 2009

 

Word of the Day

誤り 

(あやまり)

error; fault

 

Usage Examples:

 

  • 誤る(あやまる) to make a mistake

  • 誤りのない free from mistakes

  • 一歩誤れば with one slight mistake

  • 一生の誤り  the mistake of a lifetime

  • 小さな誤り a small mistake

  • 誤りを詫びる to apologize for a mistake

  • 誤りなく伝える to give a faithful account of

 

教員採用試験で問題・解答に誤り 

県教委は十九日、本年度の公立学校教員採用一次試験ナ、「高校物理・科学・生物」の設問一問と、開示請求に対して開示した、小学校国語など六教科八カ所の解答に誤りがあった、と発表した。いずれも合否に影響はなかったと説明している。 

Source: http://www.toonippo.co.jp/news_too/nto2008/20081219184228.asp